Understanding the type of burn that occurred can help you determine the type of first aid to apply and the immediacy of help needed. First-degree burns only affect the outermost part of the skin, second-degree burns affect both the outer and lower layer of the skin and typically result in swelling and blistering, and third-degree burns go through the lower layer of skin and affect deeper tissue, often damaging nerves and leaving the skin white or blackened. Burns are categorized into three degrees based on this severity, with third-degree burns being the most serious distinction that causes the greatest harm. Use a cool, moist, sterile bandage, or a clean, moist cloth or towel.Burns are common personal injuries that can range considerably in severity. Elevate the burned body part or parts.If there is no breathing or other sign of circulation, begin CPR. Check for signs of circulation, such as breathing or coughing.Doing so could cause a drop in body temperature, and deterioration of blood pressure and circulation. Do not immerse large severe burns in cold water.However, do make sure the victim is no longer in contact with smoldering materials or exposed to smoke or heat. Until an emergency help arrives, follow these steps: For major burns, call 911 or other emergency medical help. Difficulty inhaling and exhaling, carbon monoxide poisoning, or other toxic effects may occur if smoke inhalation accompanies the burn. Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white. The most serious burns involve all layers of the skin and cause permanent tissue damage. If the burned area is larger or if the burn is on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, or over a major joint, treat it as a major burn (see steps below) and get medical help immediately. If the second-degree burn is no larger than three inches in diameter, treat it as a minor burn. Skin takes on an intensely reddened, splotchy appearance.When the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin (dermis) also is burned, the injury is a second-degree burn. Burns often cause dehydration and dizziness, so be sure to give the victim water if they are able to drink it. Use caution when giving aspirin to children or teenagers. These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).
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